Markets
Heat pump cost by state is not one number. The same equipment has a different answer everywhere because electricity, fuel prices, winter load and rebates all change.
Power price
Nevada at 13.11¢/kWh and California at 34.74¢ are not the same market.
Current fuel
The electricity-to-fuel ratio decides the operating case, and it flips between states.
Winter length
A mild winter and a severe one change both the equipment spec and the annual saving.
A national average can tell you what equipment costs. It cannot tell you whether the job is worth doing. City pages exist only where the housing stock, fuel mix or program actually changes the answer. For everywhere else, use the calculator.
Each of these has a housing stock, a program and a contractor market that make it worth its own page.
Heat pump cost in Boston, Mass Save rebate amounts, the seasonal heat pump rate, and how the oil and gas split in the metro changes which conversion actually pays.
Heavy heating load · Installer routing live
Heat pump cost in Denver, Xcel Energy heat pump rebate stacking, Colorado HEAR, the state tax credit, and why cheap Colorado gas makes the operating cost case contested.
Heavy heating load · Installer routing live
Heat pump cost in Seattle, Washington HEAR rebates, and why 14.91 cent hydro power makes the Pacific Northwest the best operating cost market outside oil country.
Heavy heating load
Heat pump cost in Portland, Maine, Efficiency Maine heat pump rebate tiers, and why a 29.59 cent electricity price still beats heating oil by nearly half.
Severe heating load · Installer routing live
The twelve states where the heat pump case is strongest, or where the incentive money is largest. Prices are EIA residential averages.
| State | Power price | Gas price | Heating load | Oil share | Program status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maine | 29.6¢ | $21.00 | 7,826 | 56% | Reserved |
| Massachusetts | 29.6¢ | $31.39 | 6,327 | 24% | Enrolling |
| Vermont | 24.4¢ | $20.31 | 8,283 | 42% | Enrolling |
| New Hampshire | 27.0¢ | $24.53 | 7,000 | 40% | Enrolling |
| Connecticut | 24.3¢ | $23.33 | 6,170 | 40% | Enrolling |
| Rhode Island | 29.2¢ | $16.06 | 6,100 | 30% | Enrolling |
| New York | 29.5¢ | $20.70 | 6,544 | 19% | Live |
| Colorado | 17.1¢ | $11.92 | 5,514 | 0% | Live |
| Washington | 14.9¢ | $20.41 | 5,051 | 3% | Enrolling |
| Oregon | 16.3¢ | $16.50 | 5,051 | 2% | Enrolling |
| Minnesota | 17.5¢ | $14.95 | 8,021 | 2% | Enrolling |
| California | 34.7¢ | $22.40 | 1,725 | 0% | Reserved |
Heat pump market reference data by state
Maine
Massachusetts
Vermont
New Hampshire
Connecticut
Rhode Island
New York
Colorado
Washington
Oregon
Minnesota
California
Next up if the local story is specific enough: Portland OR, Minneapolis, Hartford, Albany, Buffalo, possibly Providence.
Verified
Electric Power Monthly, Table 5.6.A: average price of electricity by state · US Energy Information Administration
Residential electricity price by state. June 2026 release used across the site.
Natural gas prices, residential sector by state · US Energy Information Administration
Residential natural gas price per thousand cubic feet. May 2026 used for operating cost comparisons.
American Community Survey, table B25040: house heating fuel · US Census Bureau
Share of homes heating with utility gas, fuel oil, propane and electricity.
Population-weighted heating degree day data, state monthly summaries · NOAA Climate Prediction Center
Season heating degree days used to scale the modelled heating load.
Home energy rebates and upgrades · US Department of Energy
Federal HEAR and HOMES program structure and eligible measures.
Green dot marks a primary government, program or utility source. Grey dot marks a secondary benchmark or editorial reference. Our full method, including how modelled figures are produced, is on the methodology page.